Study led by NUS researchers proves the existence of 3 overstretched DNA structures

Public release date: 28-Feb-2013
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Contact: Sarah LOKE
scilwms@nus.edu.sg
65-660-12844
National University of Singapore

Novel discovery brings a close to a 17-year-old scientific debate about the impact of mechanical stretching on the structure of DNA

A team of researchers led by Associate Professor Yan Jie from the Department of Physics at the National University of Singapore (NUS) Faculty of Science has identified three new distinct overstretched deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structures caused by mechanical stretching. This discovery provides a clear answer to a long-running debate among scientists over the nature of DNA overstretching.

Debate on Possible DNA Structural Transitions

Recent single-molecule studies revealed that mechanical stretching could induce transitions to elongated DNA structures. Three possible elongated DNA structures have been proposed, namely: a single-stranded DNA under tension, DNA bubbles consisting two parallel, separated single-stranded DNA under tension, and a new form of base-paired double-stranded DNA. The existence of the three transitions has been heavily discussed among scientists for some 17 years.

To fully understand the nature of DNA overstretching, the team led by Assoc Prof Yan, which comprises members from NUS, the University of Minnesota and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, explored the possible structural transitions.

Three Distinct Transitions Revealed

In their recent study, the researchers systematically investigated the three possible transitions induced by mechanical stretching, with methods to control DNA construct, temperature, force and salt concentration. Their data successfully identified all the three proposed structures and fully characterised their respective thermo-mechanical properties. These findings were first published on the online version of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 19 February 2013.

These findings complete the picture about the structures of DNA under tension, providing a conclusion to the 17-year-old debate.

An illustration of three distinct elongated DNA structures produced by mechanical stretching (Image credit: NUS)

Biological Implications and Potential Applications

As forces over a wide range are present in the DNA of cells, the researchers' findings provide new perspectives of possible force-dependent regulations of critical biological processes, such as DNA damage repair and gene transcriptions.

In addition, as many recently developed DNA devices are based on thermo-mechanical properties of various DNA structural motifs, these findings may also have potential applications in designing new DNA devices for the future.

The Next Step

To further their research, Assoc Prof Yan and his team will study the physiological functions of the three overstretched DNA structures, and investigate the presence of any new DNA structures under other mechanical constraints.

###

For more information and scheduling of media interviews, please contact:

Carolyn FONG
Manager (Media relations)
Office of Corporate Relations
National University of Singapore
DID: +65 6516 5399
Email: carolyn@nus.edu.sg

Sarah LOKE
Assistant Manager, Corporate Communications
Dean's Office
Faculty of Science
National University of Singapore
DID: +65 6601 2844
Email: scilwms@nus.edu.sg

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 28-Feb-2013
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Sarah LOKE
scilwms@nus.edu.sg
65-660-12844
National University of Singapore

Novel discovery brings a close to a 17-year-old scientific debate about the impact of mechanical stretching on the structure of DNA

A team of researchers led by Associate Professor Yan Jie from the Department of Physics at the National University of Singapore (NUS) Faculty of Science has identified three new distinct overstretched deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structures caused by mechanical stretching. This discovery provides a clear answer to a long-running debate among scientists over the nature of DNA overstretching.

Debate on Possible DNA Structural Transitions

Recent single-molecule studies revealed that mechanical stretching could induce transitions to elongated DNA structures. Three possible elongated DNA structures have been proposed, namely: a single-stranded DNA under tension, DNA bubbles consisting two parallel, separated single-stranded DNA under tension, and a new form of base-paired double-stranded DNA. The existence of the three transitions has been heavily discussed among scientists for some 17 years.

To fully understand the nature of DNA overstretching, the team led by Assoc Prof Yan, which comprises members from NUS, the University of Minnesota and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, explored the possible structural transitions.

Three Distinct Transitions Revealed

In their recent study, the researchers systematically investigated the three possible transitions induced by mechanical stretching, with methods to control DNA construct, temperature, force and salt concentration. Their data successfully identified all the three proposed structures and fully characterised their respective thermo-mechanical properties. These findings were first published on the online version of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 19 February 2013.

These findings complete the picture about the structures of DNA under tension, providing a conclusion to the 17-year-old debate.

An illustration of three distinct elongated DNA structures produced by mechanical stretching (Image credit: NUS)

Biological Implications and Potential Applications

As forces over a wide range are present in the DNA of cells, the researchers' findings provide new perspectives of possible force-dependent regulations of critical biological processes, such as DNA damage repair and gene transcriptions.

In addition, as many recently developed DNA devices are based on thermo-mechanical properties of various DNA structural motifs, these findings may also have potential applications in designing new DNA devices for the future.

The Next Step

To further their research, Assoc Prof Yan and his team will study the physiological functions of the three overstretched DNA structures, and investigate the presence of any new DNA structures under other mechanical constraints.

###

For more information and scheduling of media interviews, please contact:

Carolyn FONG
Manager (Media relations)
Office of Corporate Relations
National University of Singapore
DID: +65 6516 5399
Email: carolyn@nus.edu.sg

Sarah LOKE
Assistant Manager, Corporate Communications
Dean's Office
Faculty of Science
National University of Singapore
DID: +65 6601 2844
Email: scilwms@nus.edu.sg

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-02/nuos-slb022813.php

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Spielberg to lead Cannes film festival jury

PARIS (Reuters) - U.S. director Steven Spielberg will preside over the 2013 Cannes film festival jury in May, organizers said on Thursday, an A-list casting that adds Hollywood firepower to the high-brow international festival.

Spielberg, whose presidential drama "Lincoln" took home two Oscars at Sunday's Academy Awards, will succeed Italian director and actor Nanni Moretti, who helmed the jury for Cannes' 65th anniversary last year.

The 12-day festival, which takes place on the Cote d'Azur in the south of France, is a major showplace for new movies from around the world that attracts top and emerging screen writers, deal-makers and hundreds of film critics.

Spielberg's blockbuster film E.T. screened as a world premiere at Cannes in 1982, and festival President Gilles Jacob called the respected director a "regular" at the prestigious film festival.

"Since then I've often asked Steven to be Jury President but he's always been shooting a film," Jacob said. "So this year, when I was told 'E.T. phone home,' I understood and immediately replied 'At last!'"

Spielberg called the festival a "platform for extraordinary films to be discovered and introduced to the world."

The 66-year-old director's four-decade career has included such varied films as "Jaws," "Schindler's List," "The Color Purple" and "Jurassic Park."

Spielberg was passed over at Sunday's Oscars for Best Director for "Lincoln," the story of the U.S. president battling to abolish slavery and end the civil war, but the film provided actor Daniel Day-Lewis with his third Best Actor award.

"Lincoln," distributed by Disney, also won for production design.

The Cannes film festival runs from May 15 to 26.

(Reporting by Alexandria Sage; Editing by Janet Lawrence)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/spielberg-lead-cannes-film-festival-jury-094124229--finance.html

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Senate Clears Hagel Vote (WSJ)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

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Rosa Parks statue set to be unveiled at Capitol

FILE -- In a June 15, 1999 file photo Rosa Parks smiles during a Capitol Hill ceremony where Parks was honored with the Congressional Gold Medal in Washington. Parks will become the first black woman to be honored with a full-length statue in the Capitol?s Statuary Hall on Wednesday Feb. 27, 2013. (AP Photo/Khue Bui, file)

FILE -- In a June 15, 1999 file photo Rosa Parks smiles during a Capitol Hill ceremony where Parks was honored with the Congressional Gold Medal in Washington. Parks will become the first black woman to be honored with a full-length statue in the Capitol?s Statuary Hall on Wednesday Feb. 27, 2013. (AP Photo/Khue Bui, file)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Rosa Parks is famous for her 1955 refusal to give up her seat on a city bus in Alabama to a white man, but there's plenty about the rest of her experiences that she deliberately withheld from her family.

While Parks and her husband, Raymond, were childless, her brother, the late Sylvester McCauley, had 13 children. They decided Parks' nieces and nephews didn't need to know the horrible details surrounding her civil rights activism, said Rhea McCauley, Parks' niece.

"They didn't talk about the lynchings and the Jim Crow laws," said McCauley, 61, of Orlando, Fla. "They didn't talk about that stuff to us kids. Everyone wanted to forget about it and sweep it under the rug."

Parks' descendants now have a chance to be first-hand witnesses as their late matriarch makes more history, this time becoming the first black woman to be honored with a full-length statue in the Capitol's Statuary Hall. The statue of Parks joins a bust of another black woman, abolitionist Sojourner Truth, which sits in the Capitol Visitors Center.

President Barack Obama, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and House Speaker John Boehner are among the dignitaries taking part in the unveiling Wednesday. McCauley said more than 50 of Parks' relatives traveled to Washington for the ceremony.

In a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a city bus in segregated Montgomery, Ala. She was arrested, touching off a bus boycott that stretched over a year.

Jeanne Theoharis, author of the new biography "The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks," said Parks was very much a full-fledged civil rights activist, yet her contributions have not been treated like those of other movement leaders, such as the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.

"Rosa Parks is typically honored as a woman of courage, but that honor focuses on the one act she made on the bus on Dec. 5, 1955," said Theoharis, a political science professor at Brooklyn College-City University of New York.

"That courage, that night was the product of decades of political work before that and continued ... decades after" in Detroit, she said.

Parks died Oct. 24, 2005, at age 92. The U.S. Postal Service issued a stamp in her honor on Feb. 4, which would have been her 100th birthday.

Parks was raised by her mother and grandparents who taught her that part of being respected was to demand respect, said Theoharis, who spent six years researching and writing the Parks biography.

She was an educated woman who recalled seeing her grandfather sitting on the porch steps with a gun during the height of white violence against blacks in post-World War I Alabama.

After she married Raymond Parks, she joined him in his work in trying to help nine young black men, ages 12 to 19, who were accused of raping two white women in 1931. The nine were later convicted by an all-white jury in Scottsboro, Ala., part of a long legal odyssey for the so-called Scottsboro Boys.

In the 1940s, Parks joined the NAACP and was elected secretary of its Montgomery, Ala., branch, working with civil rights activist Edgar Nixon to fight barriers to voting for blacks and investigate sexual violence against women, Theoharis said.

Just five months before refusing to give up her seat, Parks attended Highlander Folk School, which trained community organizers on issues of poverty but had begun turning its attention to civil rights.

After the bus boycott, Parks and her husband lost their jobs and were threatened. They left for Detroit, where Parks was an activist against the war in Vietnam and worked on poverty, housing and racial justice issues, Theoharis said.

Theoharis said that while she considers the 9-foot-statue of Parks in the Capitol an "incredible honor" for Parks, "I worry about putting this history in the past when the actual Rosa Parks was working on and calling on us to continue to work on racial injustice."

Parks has been honored previously in Washington with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1996 and the Congressional Gold Medal in 1999, both during the Clinton administration.

But McCauley said the Statuary Hall honor is different.

"The medal you could take it, put it on a mantel," McCauley said. "But her being in the hall itself is permanent and children will be able to tour the (Capitol) and look up and see my aunt's face."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-02-27-Black%20History-Rosa%20Parks%20Statue/id-0f133c284eb04e4da5a6fc0780f0c752

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Small Business Sales Mistakes | Small Business News, Ideas ...

My wife and I are doing a bit of a remodel on our home and as part of that we need to get some new windows. The good news is that this is not our first house project and so I have learned by now that it will, unfortunately, likely take longer and cost more than I want. That said, because we have never done windows before, I also anticipate a learning curve. So we are in the process of interviewing contractors.

Most of the contractors we have met have been great ? helping us to understand the different sorts of products that are out there, why we might want one versus another, and why their product makes sense for us. No problem there.

You may have noticed I said that ?most? of the contractors have been like that. Most is not all. ?Bob? certainly was not like that by any means. In fact, he was so bad that I am writing a blog about him today as a cautionary tale. Bob reminded me of why some people should not be in business for themselves. While he clearly knew his stuff, he equally seemed to know nothing about sales or customer service.

Bob made two major sales mistakes. First of all, he loved jargon. I mean he really loved it. Half the time I actually had no idea what he was talking about. Now, I know from experience that this is an easy trap to fall into, after all, I used to practice law, and if there is any profession that loves jargon more than lawyers I don?t know what it is.

Attorneys use jargon for the same reason Bob did ? it makes them feel smart, and they think it makes them sound smart. Of course, the truth is, it doesn?t. It is also lazy ? it is easier sometimes to speak insider language than to have to explain something to someone in plain English. ?That was the case with Bob. He was so steeped in his own knowledge that he couldn?t really see what a newcomer didn?t know.

While I stopped Bob and asked him what he meant a few times, he never seemed to catch on that his job was not to try and impress me with his knowledge, but actually his job was to help me solve my problem, my need for new windows.

If he had helped me, he could have sold me.

And that brings me to the second mistake Bob, as a salesman, made: He tried too hard to sell me. I don?t know what it is that makes any salesperson think that the hard sell will work, but the fact is, it doesn?t. No one likes to be pressured, especially when contemplating a large purchase. What works is to remember that people come to you because they have a problem or need and hope you can help them fix it.

Question: Why do people buy drills?

It is not because they need a drill. It is because they need a hole. If you help them understand the best way to solve that problem, they will reward you, but if you spend your time pushing them to buy the most expensive drill you have, they will very likely move on.

So Bob the builder is a good reminder great salespeople sell the solution, not the drill.

Source: http://www.bizengine.com/steve-strauss-sales-mistakes/

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Investing News: Expert Analysis, Investment Tools, Stock Screeners ...

It increasingly appears that the rise of ?shareholder democracy? is leading, in some cases, to a perverse game in which so-called activist investors take to the media to pump or dump stocks in hopes of creating a fleeting rise or fall in a company?s stock price.

Source: http://www.cnbc.com/id/15839069/Investing_News_Expert_Analysis_Investment_Tools_Stock_Screeners_and_Financial_Strategy_Information__CNBC

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Observatory: Ant Species Losing Ground to Venomous Kind

[unable to retrieve full-text content]An aggressive species is being displaced in North America by a more aggressive ? and potentially dangerous ? species, according to a new study.

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/26/science/ant-species-losing-ground-to-venomous-kind.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Mophie Juice Pack Air brings an extra 1,700 mAh to iPhone 5 for $100

iPhone 5 owners aren't exactly hurting for battery life, but what if you could double up the endurance and protect your handset at the same time? Mophie's just released the Juice Pack Air promising it'll do just that thanks to a 1,700 mAh backup battery embedded in the edge-to-edge case, only two weeks after launching the slender Juice Pack Helium with a 1,500mAh battery. On top of an extra 10 hours of 3G talk time and edge-to-edge protection, Mophie's touting lightning pass-through capability, enhanced sound thanks to its speaker redirection, an LED battery indicator and faster charge times thanks to a 1A charging upgrade. You'll be able to grab it in black now, with the red and white color options shipping by March 22nd. For more info, check the video and PR after the break.

Filed under: Cellphones, Mobile

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Fujitsu Arrows V F-04E hands-on

Fujitsu had a third set on hand at its booth on opening day here at MWC 2013: the Arrows V F-04E. Launched as part of the NTT DoCoMo's winter lineup, this is the first opportunity we've had to get a hands-on as of course this set will never end up anywhere near our shores. The F-04E is loaded with everything one could expect in a high-end set like a 4.7-inch 720p display -- and it is wondrous to behold -- a 13.1-megapixel camera, 1.5GHz quad-core CPU, integrated 1seg TV antenna and a whopping 64GB of storage.

The Arrows V, aside from the odd obsession Fujitsu seems to have on insisting to hide all its USB ports under tough to open flip up open doors, is a very slick handset. The lines are clean, the display -- did we mention it is lovely? -- clear and easy read from every angle. Sadly for us the booth's requisite bowl of water or fountain was missing in action so we couldn't do a dunk test but we did manage to capture a bit of video and a gallery for you to enjoy.

Gallery: Fujitsu Arrows V F-04E hands-on

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Making it on minimum wage: Would a higher wage help workers or kill jobs?

Steven King knows the difference between necessities and luxuries.

King has lived on minimum wage for four years. Minimum wage is $7.25 per hour. At half time, that?s $7,540 per year. At full time, it comes to $15,080 per year, minus payroll taxes. Last year, King said, he earned $8,400 working in a program at the Salvation Army.

King lives an almost ascetic life. He rents a tiny apartment over a garage off East Lincoln, pays his utilities, and walks or takes a bus. He has little money for much beyond that. The government stretches his wages by giving him $200 a month for food and a phone with four hours per month. He?s not complaining. It beats the two years he spent sleeping in the bushes near the Hyatt Regency Wichita.

?It?s literally paycheck to paycheck,? he said. ?I pay bills with one paycheck and rent with the other. It?s just really, really tight.?

In 2011, 27,000 people, or 3.4 percent of Kansas hourly workers, earned minimum wage, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Another 29,000, or 3.6 percent of hourly workers, received tips and could be paid the minimum of $2.13 per hour. If they don?t generate enough tip income to reach $7.25 an hour, the business is required to make up the difference.

In his State of the Union address, President Obama proposed raising the minimum wage to $9 per hour in stages by 2015 ? and then indexing it to inflation.

The arguments for and against that idea will sound similar to the last time Congress raised the minimum wage, when the increases were phased in between 2007 and 2009.

The White House maintains that modestly increasing the wage helps workers, boosts the economy by getting more money into the hands of those who will spend it immediately, and helps employers by cutting down on worker turnover. Several polls show that the majority of people support the idea.

The National Federation of Independent Business, which represents 350,000 small businesses, forcefully rebuts the Obama argument. It maintains that raising the wage will kill jobs by increasing costs for small-business owners without really helping the workers.

They argue that minimum-wage jobs tend to be second or third jobs in a family, are often for teenagers and are part time, meaning the increase, so painful to the business owner, doesn?t do much to increase family income.

Economists come down on both sides of the argument, acknowledges Malcolm Harris, an economist and professor of finance at Friends University, who tends to dislike the minimum wage.

?The national impact is fairly clear,? he said. ?It drives up youth unemployment, particularly minority unemployment.?

Teen unemployment is 22.1 percent, nearly three times the unemployment rate, while the black teen unemployment rate is 40.3 percent.

?Those numbers won?t get any better if you raise the minimum wage,? he said.

The minimum-wage workforce does tend to be young: Half are younger than 25. And two-thirds of minimum-wage jobs are less than 35 hours a week, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.

But that still means that half of minium-wage jobs are held by adults older than 25, and a third of those earning minimum wage are working at those jobs full time.

The leisure and hospitality industry ? typically restaurants and hotels ? has the highest proportion of workers with hourly wages at or below the minimum wage.

Adam Mills, CEO of the Kansas Restaurant and Hospitality Association, said that restaurants as a whole already have a small profit margin, less than 4 percent.

?If the minimum wage goes up, then something else has to give,? he said. ?It?s a combination of higher prices and fewer people working. We are not a high-profit industry. ? A restaurant owner has to rub two nickels together and figure out how to get 11 cents out of it.?

And, he noted, wait staff who depend on tip income often earn far more than $7.25 an hour. He estimated it at closer to $11 to $15. The Kansas Department of Labor shows a median annual salary for waiters and waitresses at $18,280 per year.

Melad Stephen, who owns several upscale restaurants, said that raising the minimum wage could have a big impact on his business. He starts his inexperienced employees at minimum wage and raises it as they grow more experienced. He estimated that his entire staff, other than the wait staff, earns an average of between $9 and $10 an hour. Setting $9 as the minimum would push his whole wage scale up.

?What?s going to happen is that if the labor is high, we?ll have to cut somebody?s hours,? he said. ?When things slow a bit, we?ll send people home and have somebody do more.?

Local businessman Johnny Stevens also runs a low-margin business, the Pavilions at the former Kansas Coliseum, but he decided to pay his workers at least $10 an hour.

For Stevens, it?s all about getting and keeping good people.

?Truthfully I?m losing money in those pavilions, but I feel like that I have to pay them more,? he said. ?I?m better off in the long run because they?re more productive.?

He said it only makes business sense to pay workers enough to keep them interested in working. If he paid minium wage, he?d get workers who would quit after a while and file for unemployment.

That pragmatic argument is one made by the liberal National Employment Law Project.

?Raising the minimum wage is closely related to a sharp reduction in turnover and a boost in productivity,? said policy analyst Jack Temple.

But he also argues that most minimum-wage workers are employed not by local businessmen, but by national chains that have gotten quite profitable in recent decades.

This would simply take a little of that profit from the chains and give it to the workers ? a tiny step toward reversing a 30-year slide in low-income wages ? who would then spend it in the local economy, he said.

Since the recession, the minimum-wage workforce skews older. Rachel Hinel, a case worker for the Salvation Army, estimates that 70 percent of her clients work.

?We get a lot of people who work in fast food or motels or do seasonal construction work,? she said.

It?s possible to make it on minimum wage, she said, but everything has to go right. Sometimes, she said, people don?t budget well or don?t make good personal decisions, but often it?s something beyond their control.

?They?ll get a medical bill, or their car breaks down,? she said. ?They fall behind and can?t seem to get caught up.?

For them it?s a matter of doing without.

One woman, who asked not to be named, lives with a nephew, but even so, she said, her minimum-wage pay is pretty limiting.

?It doesn?t leave much,? she said with a sigh. ?There isn?t much besides groceries and gas, and clothes, sometimes. We might go out every couple of weeks to Taco Rio, that?s under $10 or $15, for a kind of reward.?

Reach Dan Voorhis at 316-268-6577 or dvoorhis@wichitaeagle.com.

Source: http://www.kansas.com/2013/02/23/2688551/making-it-on-minimum-wage-would.html

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Commemoration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Oldest Parish of the Diocese of Connecticut, Christ Church, Stratford, Wednesday, June 12, 1907 (Christ Episcopal Church )

Author: Stratford (Conn.). Christ Church. [from old catalog]
Publisher: [New Haven
Possible copyright status: NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT
Language: English
Call number: 13953301
Digitizing sponsor: Sloan Foundation
Book contributor: The Library of Congress
Collection: library_of_congress; americana
Scanfactors: 1

Full catalog record: MARCXML

This book has an editable web page on Open Library.

Selected metadata

Scanningcenter:	capitolhill
Mediatype:	texts
Identifier-bib:	00126089545
Identifier:	comemmorationoft00stra
Ppi:	400
Camera:	Canon 5D
Operator:	scanner-annie-coates-@...
Scanner:	scribe8.capitolhill.archive.org
Scandate:	20080806150438
Imagecount:	19
Identifier-access:	http://www.archive.org/details/comemmorationoft00stra
Identifier-ark:	ark:/13960/t3zs2ww5t

Source: http://archive.org/details/comemmorationoft00stra

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Women's basketball: CSU at New Mexico

Sorry, Readability was unable to parse this page for content.

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Warren pair spearhead support for cancer care

Rockport ? Leah Wilcox and Talia Willis, sixth-grade students at Warren Community School were concerned about families in their community they knew who were impacted by cancer. So with the support of their teachers, administrators, friends and ...

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Natural Gas Fracking May Be the Only Industry in China That?s Developing Slowly

In China, most electricity comes from coal power plants. A turn to natural gas could help limit carbon dioxide emissions. Photo: Puuikibeach

In China, everything is booming. Last year, the country?s worst-performing year in more than a decade, the?economy grew by?a more-than-respectable 7.8 percent.?China is now the number two economy in the world, and this rampant growth has brought a surge in pretty much everything you can think of. The soaring need for materials and energy has sent the country racing to build natural resource, energy infrastructure and housing on a massive scale.

Early last year, says The Week, the Ark Hotel, a 30-story building, went up in just over two weeks. In the housing industry, says the Daily Mail, there are plans to build ?20 cities a year for the next 20 years.?

China is the world?s largest producer of wind power. And, already the second-largest solar energy provider, China is looking to ?double its installed capacity for solar electricity? by the end of the year. Ever after a recent turn away from coal power, the country is still planning hundreds of new plants.

Against this backdrop, the Guardian reports that China could become the one of the world?s largest players in the fracking industry: there are massive?stores of natural gas in shale rock formations across the country.

[A]n 24 October white paper on energy development released by China?s top cabinet? ?calls for ramping up the industry and pumping 6.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas from underground shale formations by 2015.?

?The model for China?s anticipated success is the US shale gas sector,? the article states. ?Geologists estimate the nation?s recoverable reserves at about 25 trillion cubic meters, on par with the United States.?

?In order to reach the government?s annual shale gas production goal of 6.5 billion cubic meters by 2015, as many as 1,380 wells will need to be drilled across the country, requiring up to 13.8 million cubic meters of water, an industry source told Caixin.

But though the potential is there, says Nature, the government seems to be taking its time on the push to frack. China hasn?t had that much that experience with the technique of hydraulic fracturing?of?pumping a high pressure sand solution into the ground to crack open difficult to reach methane wells:

?In the United States, it took 60 years and 200,000 wells? to lay the groundwork for the shale-gas revolution. China has drilled fewer than 100 wells, and its geology is different. Many of the Chinese shale formations have a high clay content, for instance, which makes them more pliable and less apt to fracture. Many are also deeper. ?We simply have no idea about whether or not the geology is going to produce,? Friedmann says.

Natural gas, burning cleaner than coal, could have strong benefits in terms of mitigating climate change if China put its full force behind it. But fracking has been associated with environmental issues, too. The goal, if and when the country does decide to drill, is for China?s fracking industry to evolve a little more deliberately than the one in the U.S.

China is going to be able to leapfrog over some of the stages that the United States went through,? Banks says. ?We are pushing to make sure that it is leapfrogging the environmental impacts as well.

More from Smithsonian.com:

Researchers Find Fracking Might Cause Earthquakes After All
Two Companies Want to Frack the Slopes of a Volcano

Source: http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/smartnews/2013/02/natural-gas-fracking-may-be-the-only-industry-in-china-thats-developing-slowly/

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